Shirley

__GO ANIMATE VIDEO BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MICROORGANISMS__ media type="custom" key="11236382" __ADAPTTIONS POWERPOINT (SLIDESHARE)__ media type="custom" key="11201136"

__MY ELEMENT GLOG__

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Explain the relationship between cells, tissues, organs and systems. The relationship between cells, tissues, organs and systems is that a cell can't work on its own. The single cells form together and become tissue. The tissue then forms an organ. The organs then function together and become a system.

State, with examples that organs are a group of tissues that coordinate to do a specific job. Heart **Muscular organ that pumps blood around the body.** Lungs **Transports oxygen into the bloodstream, and releases carbon dioxide from the blood.** Stomach **Breaks down and transports food into the body.** Kidneys- **Removes waste from the blood and eliminates it in through urine**
 * Identify a variety of organ systems in animals and recall that they are made up of different organs with a special purpose working together. **
 * Animals have various organs that complete sytems, with purposes such as : **


 * Reproductive system** - The reproductive system enables animals to produce offspring.
 * Nervous system** - The nervous system enables animals to send, receive, and process nerve and sensory impulses. The nervous system can be broken down into three categories which include the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system (the nerves that branch off of the brain and spinal cord and carry nerve signals to muscles and glands).
 * Circulatory system** - The circulatory system transports blood throughout an animal's body and consists of blood, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
 * Respiratory system** - The respiratory system includes an animal's nose, lungs, and trachea. The respiratory system brings air into the animal and releases waste carbon dioxide back into the air.
 * Lymphatic system** - The lymphatic system helps to filter out disease-causing organisms and helps to drain fluid waste from in and around tissues. The lymphatic system helps in the defense against infection.
 * Endocrine system** - The endocrine system is made up of glands (such as the thyroid, pituitary, parathyroid adrenal, pineal body, pancrease, thymus, ovaries, and testes) and hormones (chemicals released from glands into the bloodstream). These glands and hormones control or influence various body functions (such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction).

Question 7.

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Air enters when the diaphragm is lowered due to the movement of muscles. The lower pressure in the chest cavity causes air from the outside into the lungs. ======

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The bronchi divides into smaller pipes that make a cross section into the lung. The tissue of the lung is soft and allows it to inflate with air as we breathe in and deflate with air as we breath out. The oxygen rich blood travels back to pulmonary vain and the carbon dioxide leaves our body.======

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When air goes into the alveolus, there is an exchange of gases between the alveolus and the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveolus. Oxygen moves by diffusion from the alveolus into the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the alveolus ======

DIAGRAM OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 

CELLULAR RESPIRATION NOTES To fuel physical work our bodies break down food molecules. Cellular respiration is photosynthesis in reverse. Carbon dioxide and water are products of the reaction. The released energy is stored in the bonds of ATP. Everyday activities require energy Our body makes energy from food which is called cellular respiration.

WORD EQUATION FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION GLUCOSE + OXYGEN --> ENERGY +CARBON DIOXIDE+ WATER Slide Show presentaion :

26.7.11 How does air enter the lungs? What is the process inside the alveolus? Empressr Show [] media type="custom" key="10148099"

COMPONENTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND THEIR FUNCTIONS:

arteries - Arteries have thick elastic muscular walls and carry blood under high pressure away from your heart. veins- Veins have thinner walls and valves that prevent the blood from flowing backwards. They carry blood from all parts of the body to the heart. capillaries - The most numerous and smallest blood vessels are called capillaries. They carry materials such as oxygen and nutrients to the cells and remove wastes including carbon dioxide. Heart - Muscular organ that pumps oxygen blood to the body. Blood- The liquid part of blood is called plasma. It is a straw coloured liquid and consists mostly of water. The job of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen around the body. When red blood cells reach the lungs and oxygen diffuses into the blood, the oxygen reacts with haemoglobin in red blood cells to form a chemical called oxyhaemoglobin, which is a brighter red. Red blood cells fit into capillaries. They form from cells in the bone marrow and when mature they lack a nucleus. They have a large surface area that allows them to carry lots of oxygen. FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD: TO CARRY NUTRIENTS SUCH AS GLUCOSE TO CARRY WASTES SUCH AS CARBON DIOXIDE TO CARRY OXYGEN AROUND THE BODY TO FIGHT DISEASE TO CLOT WHEN THERE IS A CUT SO THE CUT IS SEALED COMPONENTS OF BLOOD:PLASMA RED BLOOD CELLS WHITE BLOOD CELLS PLATELETS

** Life saving technology associated with the circulatory system information and video ( in myolmc dropbox) : **

Identify 3 life saving technologies associated with the circulatory system. Write a short note on each of these. Artificial valves Heart valves are flaps of tissue within the heart. They open and close to allow blood to flow into the correct cardiac areas in the right direction. Blood is supposed to flow from one of the heart's four chambers to the next. Closing a valve prevents any blood from leaking back. When one of the heart's four valves becomes too diseased or damaged to function properly, blood does not reach the proper area in the right volume. The only effective treatment is valve replacement. Artificial heart valves consist of an orifice, through which blood flows, and a mechanism that closes and opens the orifice. There are two types of artificial heart valves: mechanical devices made from synthetic materials; and biological or tissue valves made from animal or human tissue

Artificial heart The artificial heart can be made of titanium and plastic. An external battery which can supply about 4 to 5 hours of power is strapped to the waist. An internal rechargeable battery is also implanted inside the patients abdomen so they can be disconnected from the main battery for about 3o to 4o minutes for activities like showering.

Artificial Blood A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogates) is a substance used to mimic and fulfil some functions of biological blood, usually in the oxygen-carrying sense. They aim to provide an alternative to blood transduction, which is transferring blood or blood basedproducts from one person into another. The main categories of such oxygen-carrying blood substitutes are haemoglobin based oxygen carriers. (HBOCs)

Nutrients :


 * Food Group || Source || Function ||
 * Carbohydrates || Pasta, potatoes and bread. || To create energy in the body. ||
 * Proteins || Eggs, milk, meat, cheese, fish, lentils. || Helps your body grow and repair. ||
 * Fats and Oils || Sugar, butter. || Creates a layer of insulation. Important component of the cell membrane. ||

Respiratory



Structure of the digestive system Mouth Enzymes are released into the mouth and begin the process

Epiglottis Small piece of tissue to block any food or liquid out of the lungs

Pharynx Food moves through the pharynx

Esophagus Soft muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach

Liver Stores energy and helps get rid of toxins

Stomach Breaks down food

Pancreas Regulates hormones in the bloods glucose level and makes enzymes to break down food in the intestine

Large intestine Three parts- cecum (beginning of the large intestine), colon (largest part of large intestine- three parts- ascending, transverse and descending colon) and rectum (last part of the large intestine- stores faeces until they leave the body)

Small intestine Small and large intestine form a continuous tube- three parts duodenum (first part- food is broken down further by digestive juices and enzymes), jejunum (second part) and ileum (last part)

Appendix Attatched to the cecum and when inflamed, called the appendictis

Anus Exit point of the digestive system- where faeces leave the body

**Urinary system diagram**

Describe the function of the excretory system. The function of the excretory system: to remove the metabolic wastes of an organism. Wastes that are removed include carbon dioxide, water, salt and urea. Label the urinary system. It consists of the kidneys, the tubes that leave the kidney are called ureter, which travels to the urinary bladder which then exits through the urethra. Recall the function of the following parts of the urinary system: kidney, bladder, ureters, urethra. Kidneys - 2 kidneys constantly filter blood to produce urine Ureters - 2 ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Bladder- the urinary bladder stores urine until it is released from the body. Urethra - is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

** Slide share : The excretory system: **
media type="custom" key="10198515" TERMINOLGY LIST
 * Skeletal- ** provides support & protection through -cartilage, bones, joints also sends nutrients into the blood stream.
 * Respiratory- Inhales ** oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide & water. Associated parts -trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, mouth
 * Muscular- **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Helps the body move through - bones & protects organs **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Nervous- **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">coordinates body actions and feelings through -brain, nerves **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Digestive- **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">breaks down food and nutrients and releases them into the circulatory system. Associated parts --oesophagus, stomach, intestines **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Lymphatic **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">- <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';"> contains nodes that may inflame and indicate the presence of infection-drains fluid from around cells to eliminate swelling. Associated parts -nodes, tonsils, spleen **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Reproductive- **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">produces new life through -uterus, fallopian tubes, testes. **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Urinary- **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';"> removes liquid waste from the body through -ureters, urethra, bladder

SKELETAL SYSTEM ACITVITY ( CORE SCIENCE )

Write down the 5 main functions of the Skeletal System Shape, protection, movement, storage and production. Core science text - page 378 - 380 Scientific name : Cranial bone Common name : Skull Scientific name : clavicle Common name: collar bone Scientific name : Sternum Common name: Breast bone Scientific name : Mandible Common name : bottom jaw Scientific name : Femur Common name : Thigh bone Scientific name : Patella Common name: Knee cap Scientific name : Tibia Common name : Shin bone Ligament - Connect bones to bones Cartilage- A connective tissue structure Synovial fluid - Lubricates and nourishes certain parts of the joint in the cavities. Immovable joints such as our skull, are used to protect our internal organs. The cranial bone protects the brain, the vertebrae protects the spinal cord. The ribcage protects the heart and lungs. These are immovable joints, but without them we would be prone to enormous amounts of damage. Hinge - Elbow/Knee/Hip Ball and socket - Shoulder Pivot - Hand/Wrist Immovable - skull Ligaments connect bones to bones. Tendons attach muscle to bone As the elbow is bent, biceps and triceps being to raise. The skull protects the brain and the rip cage protects the heart and lungs.
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Scientific name : vertebrae Common name: Spinal cord
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Describe the job of :
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">What is the use of immovable joints?
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Example of each joint:
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon?
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Describe the action of the biceps and triceps muscles as you bend your elbow to raise your forearm.
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: calibri; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Recall which organs the skull and rib cage protect.

Victor chang trained in England and the United States as a heart surgeon who then returned to Australia. In St Vincent's Hospital, he helped establish the National Cardiac Transplant Unit, the country's leading centre for heart and lung transplants. His team had a high success rate in performing heart transplantations and he lead the development of an artificial heart valve. Victor chang set up a team of 40 health professionals and developed new procedures and techniques that led to an improved success rate. Victor made a significant contribution to the field of medicine, science and modern technology.
 * 1) Outline the contributions made by __one__ of the following Australian to the field of medicine: Victor Chang, Fiona Wood, Barry Marshall.


 * 1) Describe some careers in the area of health Science.

Cardiologist :

Cardiologists provide health care to prevent, diagnose and treat diseases and conditions of the heart and cardiovascular system. Including the heart, or pumping mechanism, and the arteries, veins, and capillaries, which provide channels for the flow of blood. Cardiology consists of so many different types of diseases and procedures, there are many different types of cardiology people can research depending on their skills and interests.

General Doctor :

Becoming a doctor involves at least 11 years to become a doctor: 4 years of university, 4 years of medical school, and 3 years working in a hospital. They learn to ask patients the right questions and how to examine them. They learn how to diagnose what sickness a patient has using various tools to examine the ears, chest,

throat etc. They have an extended knowledge of what type of medicine to prescribe, how often and when to take it. The doctor is the general standard of where sick people go, however if further medical levels are needed the doctor will refer the patient to a specialist in a certain field.