Karuna

=__Karuna__=

=__Ecology__= __My Presentation on the Harmful and Beneficial Effects of Micro-Organisms!__ media type="custom" key="11232266"
 * My Presentation on Adaptations!**

media type="custom" key="11200562" =**__All Systems Go!__**=
 * __Terminology List__**

Respiratory System- Supply of oxygen to the blood and to the rest of the body. Also takes outs carbon dioxide from the body and water. It consists of the lungs, mouth, briochioles and the trachea.

Endocrine- Produces and releases hormones that help to keep the body healthy. This consists of the testes and ovaries and also the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal and thymus glands.

Digestive System- It processes food so that the food can be used to help the body keep healthy. It is broken down and either used or eliminated as waste. This system consists of oesophagus, the stomach, the small and large intestines. It is also aided by some organs such as the liver, pancreas and salivary gland.

Lymphatic System- It is part of the immune system and helps carry liquid called lymph through lymphatic vessels to the heart. It also contains nodes which are little organs all over thebody that trap and filter particles that are harmful to the body. It also helps in revealing an infection or diseased area. It consists of the tonsils, nodes and spleen.

Muscular System- It allows us to move our bones, protects the organs and to maintain our body heat and posture.

Nervous System- It is the major controlling system in the body. It controls the body's actions and is also the communicating system in the body. Mental activity such as memory, thinking and learning are all in this system. It consists of the nerves and the brain.

Cardio-vascular System- This system helps transport nutrients gases and wastes to the cell in the body. It consists of mainly the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.

Integumentary System- It maintains the body’s temperature and is the first defence against infections. It consists of the skin, hair and nails.

Reproductive System- The system that allows the species to produce offspring to maintain the species. It consists of the uterus, fallopian tubes, testes and vas deferens

Urinary System- It removes liquid waste from the body. It consists of the urethra, ureters and the bladder.

Skeletal System- Provides protection and support for our body and allow us to move. It protects our vital organs such as the brain, heart and lungs. It also stores minerals. It consists of bones, joints and cartilage.


 * Summary on two of the outcomes on 26/07/11**

Humans are multicellular organisms with many different types of cells. These cells are arranged in different types of tissues. This includes connective and nervous tissue. These tissues then work for a specific organ such as the heart or the lungs. These tissues help the organs carry out the work of keeping an the average human alive. Many organs are then clustered together to form an organ system such as the nervous or lymphatic system. These organs work together to form an system that handle one specific job Wiof the body to keep it alive. In animals there are many different organ systems. This includes the skeletal, urinary, reproductive, integumentary, cardio-vascular, nervous, circulatory, muscular, lymphatic, digestive, endocrine and respiratory. These systems work together to help maintain a healthy living animal (organism). But behind these systems are multiple organs. These organs work together to form a system which works to help maintain a part of the body. For example the respiratory systems works so we can breathe, take out carbon dioxide out of our body and to supply oxygen to the blood and the rest of the body. It consists of the lungs, mouth, bronchioles and the trachea.
 * 1) **Explain the relationship between cells, tissues, organs and systems. **
 * 3. Identify a variety of organ systems in animals and recall that they are made up of different organs with a special purpose working together. **

__**Video on Respiratory System on 27/07/11**__ =__**Notes:**__= []
 * __What is the process that occurs inside the alveolus/ 16/08/11__**
 * 1) The alveolus has high concentration levels and oxygen while it has low concentration levels of carbon dioxide. This is the exact opposite for the capillaries surrounding the alveolus.
 * 2) So the capillaries diffuse its carbon dioxide to the alveolus so that it can be expelled from the body.
 * 3) While this is happening the alveolus will diffuse its oxygen across the membrane into the capillaries which will then attach itself to the de-oxygenated blood cells that will become rich in oxygen that will return to the heart. [[image:yr8science2011/Capture.PNG width="520" height="397"]]
 * __THE VIDEO FOR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:__**

__**Brief Paragraph on the experiment on burning the food 31/07/10**__ The experiment was to identify which food had the most energy out of the biscuit, a chickpea and a piece of pasta. The results showed that the biscuits contained the highest amount of energy. Once the food was set a light it was immediately put under a test tube filled with water. The higher the change in temperature meant the higher energy content in the food. I also learnt about stored energy. Stored energy is energy that is potential when burnt.


 * __Video all about the Circulatory System and taking a closer look at the blood- 2/08/11__**

media type="file" key="The_Circulatory_System!!.mpg_)" width="324" height="324" align="center"


 * __Picture of the Heart- 2/08/11__**

__**Notes: Three Technologies used to save people's lives- 3/08/11**__ **__ECG __** ECG or otherwise known as electrocardiogram is a diagram that shows the electrical activity of someone's heart. It is vital in diagnosing heart disease and other heart problems. __BELOW IS A PICTURE OF AN ECG: __ If a patient has a heartbeat that is different to the one above it then they could suffer with arrhythmia. This is a condition when the heart doesn't beat as it should. Other reasons include a cardiac infarction which means they have dead tissue in the heart. If it is dead the signal can't travel to the heart properly which means they can't get a proper ECG. These are just some of the conditions out of many that there are. We can thank the people that discovered this technology because without it many people wouldn’t be alive. __**Artificial Heart **__



-An artificial heart can be made out of titanium and plastic. -Surgeons implant a small electronic device in the abdominal wall monitor and control the pumping speed of the heart. - An external battery is strapped around the waist and can supply about 4–5 hours of power. - An internal rechargeable battery is also implanted inside the wearer's abdomen. - -This is so they can be disconnected from the main battery for about 30–40 minutes for activities such as showering. __**Artificial Blood **__ <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt;">-A blood transfusion may be needed if a lot of blood is lost. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt;">-Blood from another person is injected into your veins to replace the blood you have lost. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt;">-Hemopure, a type of artificial blood has been approved to treat some cases of severe anaemia in South African hospitals. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt;">-Hemopure is made from haemoglobin obtained either from blood that has passed its use-by date or from animal blood. <span style="font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt;">-The haemoglobin is wrapped in certain chemicals so that it behaves a lot like red blood cells do and can carry oxygen around the body. __**The Three Technologies- 9/08/11**__ media type="youtube" key="icxsdkQXsIw?hl=en" height="349" width="425"

__**The Digestive System- 8/08/11**__

media type="custom" key="10150647" __**The Excretory System- 9/8/11**__ media type="custom" key="10158533"


 * __The Skeletal System- 15/08/11__**



__**The Word Equation for cellular repsiration is- 16/08/11**__ Glucose+Oxygen--> Energy+Carbon Dioxide+Water+ATP


 * __A diagram of the respiratory system-16/08/11__**

**__ Nutrients- "Carbs", Proteins and Fats!- 16/08/11 __**

There are many nutrients that our body needs in order to survive. But there are three that I have chosen to explain. Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins. Carbohydrates or otherwise known as “carbs” is a nutrient present in many food that are used to create energy for our body to function. These “carbs” when digested they turn into sugars. Three examples of foods that have a lot of carbohydrates include potatoes, pasta and bread. Protein is a nutrient present in foods that is used to replenish the water content inside your body. It is also there to support the growth of an adolescent and to keep the muscles strong. This is present in foods such as meat and fish. Fats is a nutrient which is good but too much can lead to obesity. We need to fat so that we can keep our bodies warm and to prevent circulation problems. Fats are present in butter and oils.


 * __A Labelled Diagram of the Digestive System- 16/08/11__**



__**The Job of the Skeletal System- 16/08/11**__ There are a few main functions of the skeletal system, they are to maintain the shape of the body, to support the muscles when the muscles attach themselves to the bones, to produce new cells in the bone marrow, to store nutrients such as calcium and phophurus which is released into the blood to maintain a balance of nutrients and to protect the internal organs. The rib cage protects the heart and lungs. The cranium protects the brain.

__**The Excretory System- Labelled Diagram**__



<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: middle;">In order for an animal to survive it needs organs to survive. There are many organ systems in the animals such as reproductive system, the nervous system, the digestive system. These are just some of the many organ systems that are needed in order for the animal to survive. They are working together in harmony.
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Identify a variety of organ systems in animals and recall that they are made up of different organs with a special purpose working together- 16/08/11 __**